Understanding Zakatul Fitr: Religious obligation with social impact
As the holy month of Ramadan comes to an end, Muslims around the world prepare for Eid-ul-Fitr, a celebration that marks the conclusion of fasting.
However, beyond the festivities, a fundamental Islamic obligation known as Zakatul Fitr plays a crucial role in ensuring that the less privileged can also partake in the joy of Eid.
Sheikh Abubakar Ayuba Tangimi, the Imam of the Arqam Bin Abi Arqam Mosque in Kano metropolis, explained that Zakatul Fitr serves as a means of purifying one’s fast and providing for the needy.
He emphasized that it is an essential act of charity mandated upon every Muslim household and should be given a day or two before Eid.
Meaning, Obligation of Zakatul Fitr
Sheikh Tangimi described Zakatul Fitr as “purification after fasting,” adding that it is a duty upon every Muslim, regardless of age or gender, including children and dependents under one’s care.
Citing a hadith reported by Abdullah Bin Umar, he said Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) ordained that Zakatul Fitr be given in the form of one sa’ (approximately four mudannabi) of staple food, such as dates or grains.
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He further explained that this obligation extends to those responsible for a household, ensuring that every member under their care, including children and even slaves in historical contexts, is covered.
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This ruling, he noted, has been authenticated by Islamic scholars such as Imam Darul Qutni and Imam Baihaqi.
Who Receives Zakatul Fitr?
According to Sheikh Tangimi, Zakatul Fitr is specifically designated for those in need, particularly the poor and disabled.
He also cited the Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyyah, who reaffirmed in his book Majmu’ al-Fatawa that Zakatul Fitr is intended for the less privileged members of society.
Proper Timing for Giving Zakatul Fitr
The Imam stressed that Zakatul Fitr should be given before the Eid prayer.
He referred to Ahkamul Idain fis Sunnatul Mudahhara by Hassan Ali Abdulhamid, which states that delaying Zakatul Fitr beyond the Eid prayer reduces it to a general charity rather than fulfilling its original purpose.
“The scholars agree that it should not be delayed. It is preferable to give it a day or two before Eid to ensure that the needy receive it in time to celebrate,” Sheikh Tangimi said.
He reiterated that as per the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Zakatul Fitr serves as purification for the fasting person while simultaneously providing relief and joy to the underprivileged.
Importance of Giving it Before Eid Prayer
The Imam further noted that it is Sunnah to eat something before leaving for the Eid prayer.
This highlights the importance of distributing Zakatul Fitr early enough so that those in need can also partake in the celebration.
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“This act of kindness brings happiness to the less privileged, allowing them to join in the festivities with dignity,” he said.
“If it is given after the Eid prayer, it no longer counts as Zakatul Fitr but rather as regular charity,” he added, quoting Abdullah Bin Umar.
He added that as Muslims prepare for Eid, fulfilling the obligation of Zakatul Fitr remains a vital aspect of the celebration.
Tamgini stated that it not only purifies the fast but also fosters social responsibility by ensuring that no one is left behind in the joy of Eid.
He also urged believers to give it promptly, as the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) commanded, reinforcing its significance as an act of faith and compassion.
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